Turnout is produced by external rotation from which joints?

Turnout is produced by external rotation from which joints?

• A. Knee joints
• B. Spine joints
• C. Hip joints
• D. Ankle joints

Answer: (C)

Turnout is produced by external rotation from the hip joints. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint that can rotate the leg outward, and this rotation initiates the turnout seen in the feet and lower leg. The knee is mainly a hinge and does not generate turnout; any slight rotation of the knee happens only as a consequence of hip rotation and with the knee flexed, not as the primary source. The spine may influence posture and line, but it does not create the outward turn of the leg. The ankle mainly handles pointing and flexing and adjusts the foot’s position, but it doesn’t generate the turnout itself. So the outward rotation comes from the hip joints.

Turnout is produced by external rotation from the hip joints. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint that can rotate the leg outward, and this rotation initiates the turnout seen in the feet and lower leg. The knee is mainly a hinge and does not generate turnout; any slight rotation of the knee happens only as a consequence of hip rotation and with the knee flexed, not as the primary source. The spine may influence posture and line, but it does not create the outward turn of the leg. The ankle mainly handles pointing and flexing and adjusts the foot’s position, but it doesn’t generate the turnout itself. So the outward rotation comes from the hip joints.